What cosmetic ingredient labels show
Cosmetics sold at retail generally must display an ingredient declaration. Ingredients are usually listed in descending order of predominance, although color additives and ingredients present at one percent or less may be listed without following that order.
Cosmetic, drug or both?
A products intended use determines how it is regulated. Makeup, perfume and basic moisturizers are generally cosmetics. Products making claims about treating disease or affecting the bodys structure or function may be drugs or both cosmetics and drugs. Products that are also drugs identify active ingredients separately.
Fragrance may represent a mixture
Fragrance formulas can contain multiple natural and synthetic components. U.S. regulations generally allow them to appear simply as "Fragrance or "Flavor, partly because formulas may contain protected trade-secret information. The label therefore may not identify every fragrance component.
Fragrance allergies and sensitivities
Some people can react to fragrance ingredients even when those ingredients are tolerated by most consumers. FDA does not have the same allergen-labeling authority for cosmetics that applies to major food allergens. People with known sensitivities may need fragrance-free products and manufacturer clarification.
Why preservatives are used
Preservatives can help prevent contamination and product deterioration, especially in products containing water. Rejecting every preservative because its name sounds unfamiliar ignores its function. Evaluation should consider the particular ingredient, concentration, exposure and evidence.
"Hypoallergenic does not guarantee no reaction
Terms such as "hypoallergenic, "for sensitive skin and "fragrance-free should not replace reading the ingredient list. FDA states that there is no federal standard or definition governing some of these claims. Individual reactions can still occur.
Contaminants may not appear on the label
Lead and other elements, microorganisms, asbestos in talc and manufacturing impurities are examples of potential cosmetic contaminants. Because they may be unintended, they may not appear as declared ingredients. Their presence and concentration require appropriate testing.
Natural does not automatically mean safer
Plant extracts, essential oils and naturally derived fragrances can still irritate skin or cause allergic reactions. Synthetic origin does not automatically establish danger either. Safety depends on the specific substance, formulation, concentration and conditions of use.
Can HealthLogic detect cosmetic contaminants?
No barcode scan can laboratory-test a cosmetic for heavy metals, asbestos, microorganisms or other undeclared contaminants. HealthLogic can explain declared ingredients, surface available regulator information and clearly identify questions that require testing.
Use the label together with your own history
People with known allergies or previous reactions can use HealthLogic to organize relevant ingredient information. Stop using a product after a concerning reaction and seek appropriate medical care when symptoms are serious or persistent.
Primary sources: FDA Cosmetic Labeling Requirements, FDA Fragrances in Cosmetics, FDA Cosmetic Allergens, and FDA Potential Cosmetic Contaminants.